During menstrual flow, a tampon helps keep menstrual fluid from mixing with voided urine. In females, care must be taken to separate the labia, and the urine is collected similarly. Ordinarily, a suitable sample may be obtained from a male simply by asking that the foreskin, if present, be pulled back, that the initial part of the stream be allowed to pass into the toilet, that the next ounce or two be collected, and that the last part of the stream be discarded with the first. In rare circumstances, it may be necessary to have the sample passed under observation to assure its source and freedom from exogenously introduced materials. Interestingly, if the temperature of fresh urine is checked, it may help to diagnose factitious oral or rectal fevers.Ī sample should be obtained that is free of skin epithelium or bacteria, glandular secretions, skin salves, hair, lint, talcum, or other debris. Such illicit treatment of the sample is not frequent, but may be used in an attempt to justify disability, military discharge, or need for hospitalization. For example, one should not be surprised if the urine analyzed did not come from the patient named, or that the protein and red cells were added to the urine after it reached the collection bottle. Nevertheless, various circumstances may alter the information obtained. The rationale and technique of urinalysis are straightforward.
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